Project
BELVEDERE GARDENS
- WMF Program:Field Project, Organizational Support, 1996 Watch
- Keywords:Baroque, gardens
- Period of Significance:18th century
- Site Types:Cultural Landscape, Palace and surrounding gardens
At the turn of the 18th century, Prince Eugene of Savoy commissioned Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt to design the Belvedere palace, which now sits at the heart of Vienna. He secured Dominique Girard to plan the formal gardens that unroll from the steps of the upper palace and slowly descend to its lower counterpart. Girard had previously landscaped the grounds at Schlessheim and Nymphenburg for Bavarian ruler Max Emmanuel. Royal visits to the exquisitely manicured lawns of Versaille inspired the spread of French designs and competition for grandeur between European princes. For the Belvedere Gardens, Girard created terraces of parterres (flat planting beds surrounded by shaped hedges) connected by grand staircases and graveled paths. Fountains and water displays pepper the garden, ornamented with marble statuary by sculptor Giovanni Stanetti.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the final resident of Belvedere palace, which was converted into the Austria Gallery Museum after World War I. The last restoration of the gardens, however, was in 1851 and they only suffered more damage and neglect during the first half of the 20th century. WMF placed the Belvedere Gardens on the 1996 Watch List in an attempt to reveal the state of disrepair of the much-loved Viennese landmark. In the late 90's, the Austrian government ordered an inquiry into the condition of the structural elements. WMF joined The Austrian Society for Historical Gardens and other conservation organizations to compile a long-term strategy for the return of the gardens to their original style and condition. The plan included renovation of trellises, pavilions, fountain elements, and a new cafe. A WMF Wilson Challenge grant contributed to the funds for reconstruction, specifically enabling the repair of the unsound western ramp and the introduction of a cistern for irrigation water.
Overlooking historic downtown Vienna, the Belvedere Gardens are one of the city's most famous destinations. Despite their popularity with tourists, in the 20th century the grounds of the palace had been neglected and were exposed to pollution and vandalism of the marble statues. The decision to restore the gardens in the original French Baroque style is enabled by increased understanding of historic gardening techniques and reflects growing concern with accuracy in preservation. In 2005, citizens waving flags gathered in the beautifully renewed gardens, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the treaty signed at Belvedere which ended the post-war occupation and established Austria as a sovereign state.








