Project
DÉSERT DE RETZ
- WMF Program:Field Project
- Keywords:follies, landscape
- Site Types:Cultural Landscape
- Funders:Samuel H. Kress Foundation
The Désert de Retz is a landscape of over 17 uniquely styled follies created from 1774 to 1789 by aristocrat François Racine de Monville. The follies range widely in architectural style, size, and make reference to a wide range of art historical eras. A visitor to the Désert de Retz encounters structures that evoke ruins of a Gothic church, an Egyptian-style pyramid that served as an ice house, a decaying Roman Temple of Pan, an open-air theatre, a teakwood pavilion named the Maison Chinoise, and a series of rustic altars. The Column House, Monville’s main residence, is located at the center of the garden. This enormous Tuscan column, measuring 80 feet high and 50 feet wide, features a spiral staircase that connects five floors and approximately 20 rooms. One side of the column rises higher than the other, creating the appearance of a jagged edge hiding the glass ceiling behind its façade.
Although they were designed to resemble ruins, the follies were becoming true ruins and in dire need of conservation. In 1990, WMF created a master plan to conserve the Column House, which had decayed significantly. Foundations and walls were reinforced to stabilize the structure, and the interiors were conserved to their original appearance. The Société Civile de Désert de Retz and Architect Olivier Choppin de Janvry were WMF’s key partners in our conservation efforts.
According to House & Garden, “The Désert de Retz, created by an 18th-century hedonist, is an outdoor encyclopedia of Romantic obsession.” This romantic obsession of ruins comes from what Walter Benjamin calls the “irresistible decay” of architectural remnants from the past and the fascination with how these remnants have stood the test of time. The follies at the Désert de Retz allow for the invention of romantic narratives and notions about culture and society from the past.





