Project
MENTEWAB-QWESQWAM PALACE
- WMF Program:Capacity Building, Field Project, Training, 2000 Watch, 1998 Watch
- Keywords:banqueting hall, portuguese jesuit missionaries
- Site Types:Archaeological, Residential
- Funders:American Express
The buildings at this archaeological site date to the 17th and 18th centuries when the court of Gondar was the capital of Christian Ethiopia beginning in 1632. Portugal, while expanding its empire to East Africa, sent Portuguese Jesuit missionaries to Ethiopia, who converted Gondar’s emperor to Catholicism. The Portuguese brought with them artisans from the west coast of India—which had been under Portuguese domination from the early part of the 16th—to the Ethiopian highlands and introduced entirely new building materials and methods. For the first time arches, vaulted construction and the use of lime became known in Ethiopia, and these new building materials and methods were then used at Gondar. Although the Jesuits were eventually forced to leave, the Goan masons and carpenters remained and influenced the architecture at Queen Mentewab’s palace and banqueting hall.
Prior to recent conservation efforts, the banqueting hall and palace were in ruins. WMF identified the most dangerous factors of risk: 1) the leaking roof floor slab has caused the decay of the timber beams, 2) exposed wall tops caused by deteriorated capping permit water infiltration, 3) buckling and loss of mortar will result in a future collapse of the upper part of the walls, 4) exposure to weathering and vegetation growth are speeding up the deterioration of the interior plaster decoration, and 5) the lack of protection of the red stone reliefs will bring about further deterioration. These five factors led to the development of WMF’s conservation project, which includes: 1) repair of the roof floor portion, 2) treatment of exposed wall heads, 3) localized masonry consolidation, 4) treatment of the plaster, 5) treatment of the red stones, 6) repair of the back stairs, and 7) structural stabilization studies. WMF’s conservation project stabilizes and conserves the site, and trains Authority staff in planning, preserving, and managing archaeological sites.
WMF’s relationship with Queen Mentewab’s mid-18th-century palace and the 17th-century archaeological site in Gondar, Ethiopia, began in 1998 when they were placed on the 1998 and 2000 World Monuments Watch lists. WMF consultants visited the site and provided a report that was supported by a 1999 American Express grant. The conservation project has recently been revived and WMF is focusing specifically on the conservation of the banqueting hall, built by Queen Mentewab, that is scheduled to be completed December 2009. WMF is collaborating with ARCCH (Agency for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage), the Ethiopian Cultural Heritage Project, and Fasil Giorghis Architects to mitigate deterioration, to protect Ethiopian heritage, and preserve its authenticity.
The 18th-century palace and banqueting hall built by Queen Mentewab have not only become the kingdom’s finest example of “Gondarian style” architecture, embodying the best of Portuguese and Indian influences, but also illustrate the confluence of cultures in this region.
ARCCH (Agency for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage); the Ethiopian Cultural Heritage Project; Fasil Giorghis Architects






