Project
MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK
- WMF Program:Field Project, Research, Survey, Training, 1998 Watch
- Keywords:archaeology, architectural finishes, National Park, UNESCO World Heritage Site
- Site Types:Archaeological
- Funders:American Express
Mesa Verde, a large, gently sloping plateau etched with deep canyons, was occupied by the Ancestral Puebloan civilization between the 6th and 13th centuries AD. Even though the Ancestral Puebloans lived on the mesa tops and farmed the fertile soil for most of their history, during the late 12th century they constructed settlements along the sides of the canyon walls, in alcoves high above the canyon floor. The largest and best known of them is Cliff Palace, a social and administrative center that contained 150 rooms and was occupied by 100 people. Few sandstone alcoves were large enough to accommodate structures of that size and most cliff dwellings were much smaller. The complexes contained ceremonial underground structures, known as kivas, the roofs of which formed open courtyards. However, within a century the population started migrating to the south, and the sites of Mesa Verde were abandoned.
The sites of Mesa Verde survived in a remarkable state of preservation for many centuries, but their condition has never been completely stable. Weather, age, and a lack of ongoing stabilization and routine maintenance have been the primary threats to their condition. Mesa Verde National Park was included in the 1998 Watch in order to call attention to collapsing walls, sagging roofs, and eroded mortars. In addition to structural issues, original earthen architectural finishes have been deteriorating at an alarming rate, and for many years it was unclear how to best address this problem. Between 1994 and 1996 researchers from the Architectural Conservation Laboratory of the University of Pennsylvania developed a model program for the documentation, conservation, and monitoring of plasters and other painted finishes in the park. In 1998, WMF helped implement this program on a larger scale. The program also provided training to students of architectural conservation in the treatment of earthen finishes. In 2001, with additional funding from American Express, WMF was involved with the documentation and conditions assessment at Spring House, a backcountry site not open to the public.
First explored in the 19th century, Mesa Verde National Park was established in 1906. Today the park contains over 4,000 archaeological sites. In 1978 Mesa Verde, along with Yellowstone National Park, became the first sites in the United States to be inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The site was found significant under criterion (iii) – bearing a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared.












