Project
WESTMINSTER ABBEY SEDILIA
Stabilizing 14th Century Paintwork to Survive Another 700 Years
- WMF Program:Field Project
- Keywords:painting conservation, UNESCO World Heritage Site
- Site Types:Sacred
- Funders:Samuel H. Kress Foundation
It is remarkable that the sedilia of Westminster Abbey has survived for so long. In the 700 years since construction in the early 14th century, the sedilia has faced over-painting, boarding up, smoke damage from candles, and substantial harm from iconoclasts. Moreover, as an oak construction rather than the more common stone sedilia, the Westminster Abbey example is an important variant to sedilia construction. This sedilia consists of four stalls rather than the more usual three, and the figurative paintings on its panels are beautiful and rare examples of medieval English artistry. The structure of a ribbed cross vaulted ceiling, and carved Gothic cinquefoil arches leading to gables on the front, compliment the surviving paintwork.
The sedilia is an important contribution to the treasure house of artifacts, commemorations, and architecture that makes Westminster Abbey so significant.
The painted panels of this sedilia were only uncovered in the 1930s, and were subject to a technical investigation in 2004. After years of neglect and an unstable microenvironment, financial and technical interventions were badly needed. Between 2007 and 2009 World Monuments Fund contributed to the stabilization, cleaning and monitoring of the sedilia. Work began by stabilizing fragile paint and gilding layers of the panels and lightly cleaning the surface using soft brushes and cotton wool swabs soaked with deionized water. To ensure the benefits of this work were not undone, analysis was also undertaken to establish the underlying causes of deterioration. This initial work is being followed up through ongoing monitoring of the microclimate and paintwork of the sedilia, to ensure that any future problems are caught early.
The artistic merit displayed in the Westminster Abbey sedilia is matched by its architectural significance. The painted panels, considered to be amongst the earliest panel paintings in the UK, demonstrate an already refined and highly developed tradition of oil painting in early 14th-century England. They are also a rare survivor of the iconoclasms that followed the Reformation. Architecturally, the sedilia is significant as a rare instance of the use of oak rather than stone in its construction, and for having four stalls rather than the more usual three. Taken together, the artistic and architectural features make the Westminster Abbey example unrivalled among the nation’s surviving sedilia.
But more than this, by encountering the sedilia within the context of the architecture and artifacts of Westminster Abbey, visitors are encouraged to consider this space as both a repository as well as a dynamic feature of the nation’s history.







